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electron transfer and its application in dictating routes of biochemical processes associated with metabolicreprogramming

Frontiers of Medicine 2021, Volume 15, Issue 5,   Pages 679-692 doi: 10.1007/s11684-021-0866-1

Abstract: Metabolic reprogramming, such as abnormal utilization of glucose, addiction to glutamine, and increasedelectron transfer (PET), which is used to characterize the degree of electron redistribution coupled with metabolicis combined with the assumed model of electron balance in a cellular context, the enforced selective reprogrammingEnabling electron transfer could drive metabolic reprogramming in cancer metabolism.

Keywords： metabolic reprogramming     potential of electron transfer     cell proliferation     aerobic glycolysis     cancer    

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Metabolic interventions combined with CTLA-4 and PD-1/PD-L1 blockade for the treatment of tumors: mechanisms

Frontiers of Medicine   Pages 805-822 doi: 10.1007/s11684-023-1025-7

Abstract: Recently, numerous studies have revealed that metabolic reprogramming of tumor cells restrains immunetumor microenvironment (TME) with various products of metabolism, and combination therapies involving metabolicNevertheless, a systematic summary is lacking regarding the manner by which different targetable metabolicinfluence ICB therapy and propose potential combined immunotherapeutic strategies co-targeting tumor metabolic

Keywords： CTLA-4     PD-1     PD-L1     immune checkpoint blockade (ICB)     metabolic reprogramming     combined tumor therapeutic    

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Immunometabolism: a new dimension in immunotherapy resistance

Frontiers of Medicine 2023, Volume 17, Issue 4,   Pages 585-616 doi: 10.1007/s11684-023-1012-z

Abstract: remain unresponsive or develop resistance to ICIs as a single agent, which is traceable to cellular metabolicreprogramming is not exclusive to tumor cells but is also characteristic of immunocytes.tumor cell metabolism on immunocytes, but in practice immunocytes interact intimately with their own metabolicThe metabolic intervention for tumor-infiltrating immunocytes could offer fresh opportunities to breakreprogramming in diverse tumor-infiltrating immunocytes, and related metabolic intervention in the hope

Keywords： immune cell     immunometabolism     metabolic reprogramming     immunotherapy     resistance     tumor microenvironment    

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Hyperosmolarity promotes macrophage pyroptosis by driving the glycolytic reprogramming of corneal epithelial

Frontiers of Medicine 2023, Volume 17, Issue 4,   Pages 781-795 doi: 10.1007/s11684-023-0986-x

Abstract: In this study, the mechanisms involving the hyperosmolar microenvironment, glycolysis mediating metabolicreprogramming, and pyroptosis were explored clinically, in vitro, and in vivo.The hyperosmolar environment was found to greatly induce HCECs’ metabolic reprogramming, which may beIn summary, our findings suggested that hyperosmolar-induced glycolytic reprogramming played an active

Keywords： dry eye disease     glycolytic reprogramming     pyroptosis     inflammation     2-DG    

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New insights into different surfactants’ impacts on sludge fermentation: Focusing on the particular metabolic

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2022, Volume 16, Issue 8, doi: 10.1007/s11783-022-1527-6

Abstract:

• The promoting effects for VFA generation follow the order of APG>SDBS>HTAB.

Keywords： Waste activated sludge (WAS)     Volatile fatty acids (VFA)     Surfactant types     Functional microorganisms     Metabolic    

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Oocyte-associated transcription factors in reprogramming after somatic cell nuclear transfer: a review

Fengxia YIN,Hui LIU,Shorgan BOU,Guangpeng LI

Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2014, Volume 1, Issue 2,   Pages 104-113 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2014003

Abstract: The reprogramming of the somatic nucleus from its original cellular state to a totipotent state is essentialThe oocyte first obtains its reprogramming capability in the early fetal follicle, and then its capacityis enriched in the late growth phase and reaches its highest capability for reprogramming as fully-grownThe cytoplasmic milieu most likely contains all of the specific transcription and/or reprogramming factorsnecessary for cellular reprogramming.

Keywords： nuclear reprogramming     somatic cell     transcription factors     transcriptomics    

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Genome reprogramming for synthetic biology

Kylie Standage-Beier,Xiao Wang

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2017, Volume 11, Issue 1,   Pages 37-45 doi: 10.1007/s11705-017-1618-2

Abstract: The ability to go from a digitized DNA sequence to a predictable biological function is central to synthetic biology. Genome engineering tools facilitate rewriting and implementation of engineered DNA sequences. Recent development of new programmable tools to reengineer genomes has spurred myriad advances in synthetic biology. Tools such as clustered regularly interspace short palindromic repeats enable RNA-guided rational redesign of organisms and implementation of synthetic gene systems. New directed evolution methods generate organisms with radically restructured genomes. These restructured organisms have useful new phenotypes for biotechnology, such as bacteriophage resistance and increased genetic stability. Advanced DNA synthesis and assembly methods have also enabled the construction of fully synthetic organisms, such as J. Craig Venter Institute (JCVI)-syn 3.0. Here we summarize the recent advances in programmable genome engineering tools.

Keywords： CRISPR     genome engineering     synthetic biology     rational design    

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Metabolic hypertension: concept and practice

Zhiming Zhu, Peijian Wang, Shuangtao Ma

Frontiers of Medicine 2013, Volume 7, Issue 2,   Pages 201-206 doi: 10.1007/s11684-013-0264-4

Abstract: More than 60% of the risk factors for hypertension are associated with metabolic disturbances.Metabolic abnormalities increase the risk for hypertension and cause high blood pressure.Improving metabolic disturbances is beneficial for hypertension treatment.Due to the importance of metabolic abnormalities in the pathogenesis of hypertension, we propose a conceptof metabolic hypertension.

Keywords： hypertension     cardiometabolic risk factors     metabolic abnormalities    

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Beneficial metabolic activities of inflammatory cytokine interleukin 15 in obesity and type 2 diabetes

Jianping Ye

Frontiers of Medicine 2015, Volume 9, Issue 2,   Pages 139-145 doi: 10.1007/s11684-015-0377-z

Abstract:

In obesity, chronic inflammation is believed to induce insulin resistance and impairs adipose tissue function. Although this view is supported by a large body of literature, it has been challenged by growing evidence that pro-inflammatory cytokines may favor insulin sensitivity through induction of energy expenditure. In this review article, interleukin 15 (IL-15) is used as a new example to explain the beneficial effects of the pro-inflammatory cytokines. IL-15 is secreted by multiple types of cells including macrophages, neutrophils and skeletal muscle cells. IL-15 expression is induced in immune cells by endotoxin and in muscle cells by physical exercise. Its transcription is induced by transcription factor NF-κB. IL-15 binds to its receptor that contains three different subunits (α, β and γ) to activate JAK/STAT, PI3K/Akt, IKK/NF-κB and JNK/AP1 pathways in cells. In the regulation of metabolism, IL-15 reduces weight gain without inhibiting food intake in rodents. IL-15 suppresses lipogenesis, stimulates brown fat function, improves insulin sensitivity through weight loss and energy expenditure. In human, circulating IL-15 is negatively associated with body weight. In the immune system, IL-15 stimulates proliferation and differentiation of T cells, NK cells, monocytes and neutrophils. In the anti-obesity effects of IL-15, T cells and NK cells are not required, but leptin receptor is required. In summary, evidence from human and rodents supports that the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-15 may enhance energy expenditure to protect the body from obesity and type 2 diabetes. The mechanism of IL-15 action remains to be fully uncovered in the regulation of energy expenditure.

Keywords： inflammation     obesity     cytokine     energy expenditure     insulin resistance    

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Fibroblast growth factor 21: a novel metabolic regulator from pharmacology to physiology

Huating Li, Jing Zhang, Weiping Jia

Frontiers of Medicine 2013, Volume 7, Issue 1,   Pages 25-30 doi: 10.1007/s11684-013-0244-8

Abstract: relevance of FGF21 in humans is still unclear, and the basis and consequences of increased FGF21 in metabolicpharmacological actions and physiological roles make FGF21 attractive drug candidates for treating metabolic

Keywords： FGF21     metabolism     pharmacology     physiology     clinical relevance    

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Metformin and metabolic diseases: a focus on hepatic aspects

Juan Zheng,Shih-Lung Woo,Xiang Hu,Rachel Botchlett,Lulu Chen,Yuqing Huo,Chaodong Wu

Frontiers of Medicine 2015, Volume 9, Issue 2,   Pages 173-186 doi: 10.1007/s11684-015-0384-0

Abstract:

Metformin has been widely used as a first-line anti-diabetic medicine for the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D). As a drug that primarily targets the liver, metformin suppresses hepatic glucose production (HGP), serving as the main mechanism by which metformin improves hyperglycemia of T2D. Biochemically, metformin suppresses gluconeogenesis and stimulates glycolysis. Metformin also inhibits glycogenolysis, which is a pathway that critically contributes to elevated HGP. While generating beneficial effects on hyperglycemia, metformin also improves insulin resistance and corrects dyslipidemia in patients with T2D. These beneficial effects of metformin implicate a role for metformin in managing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. As supported by the results from both human and animal studies, metformin improves hepatic steatosis and suppresses liver inflammation. Mechanistically, the beneficial effects of metformin on hepatic aspects are mediated through both adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-dependent and AMPK-independent pathways. In addition, metformin is generally safe and may also benefit patients with other chronic liver diseases.

Keywords： metformin     diabetes     hepatic steatosis     inflammatory response     insulin resistance    

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denitrification system with short-term pyridine exposure: Process capability, inhibition kinetics and metabolic

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2021, Volume 15, Issue 6, doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1433-3

Abstract:

• Short-term effect of the pyridine exposure on the SAD process was investigated.

Keywords： Anammox     Inhibition     Metabolic pathway     Microbial community     Pyridine     SAD    

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Water-dispersible nano-pollutions reshape microbial metabolism in type-specific manners: A metabolic

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2022, Volume 16, Issue 9, doi: 10.1007/s11783-022-1548-1

Abstract:

• Water-dispersible nano-pollutions exhibit type-specific toxic effects on E. coli.

Keywords： Nano-toxicity     Nano-plastics     Quantum dots     Microbial metabolite     Metabolic dysregulation    

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The FGF metabolic axis

Xiaokun Li

Frontiers of Medicine 2019, Volume 13, Issue 5,   Pages 511-530 doi: 10.1007/s11684-019-0711-y

Abstract: Members of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family play pleiotropic roles in cellular and metabolicFGF19 metabolic axis from the ileum to liver negatively controls diurnal bile acid biosynthesis.FGF21 metabolic axes play multifaceted roles in controlling the homeostasis of lipid, glucose, and energyFGF23 axes from the bone to kidney and parathyroid regulate metabolic homeostasis of phosphate, calciumThus, the term “FGF Metabolic Axis,” which distinguishes the unique pathways and functions of endocrine

Keywords： FGF19     FGF21     FGF23     FGFR     metabolism     endocrine     Klotho    

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Regulation of T cell immunity by cellular metabolism

Zhilin Hu, Qiang Zou, Bing Su

Frontiers of Medicine 2018, Volume 12, Issue 4,   Pages 463-472 doi: 10.1007/s11684-018-0668-2

Abstract: Specific metabolic programs are tightly controlled to mediate T cell immune responses, and alterationsIn this review, we will summarize the main T cell metabolic pathways and the important factors participatingin T cell metabolic programming during T cell homeostasis, differentiation, and function.

Keywords： T cell immunity     metabolic pathways     nutrient uptake     metabolic checkpoints    

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Title Author Date Type Operation

electron transfer and its application in dictating routes of biochemical processes associated with metabolicreprogramming

Journal Article

Metabolic interventions combined with CTLA-4 and PD-1/PD-L1 blockade for the treatment of tumors: mechanisms

Journal Article

Immunometabolism: a new dimension in immunotherapy resistance

Journal Article

Hyperosmolarity promotes macrophage pyroptosis by driving the glycolytic reprogramming of corneal epithelial

Journal Article

New insights into different surfactants’ impacts on sludge fermentation: Focusing on the particular metabolic

Journal Article

Oocyte-associated transcription factors in reprogramming after somatic cell nuclear transfer: a review

Fengxia YIN,Hui LIU,Shorgan BOU,Guangpeng LI

Journal Article

Genome reprogramming for synthetic biology

Kylie Standage-Beier,Xiao Wang

Journal Article

Metabolic hypertension: concept and practice

Zhiming Zhu, Peijian Wang, Shuangtao Ma

Journal Article

Beneficial metabolic activities of inflammatory cytokine interleukin 15 in obesity and type 2 diabetes

Jianping Ye

Journal Article

Fibroblast growth factor 21: a novel metabolic regulator from pharmacology to physiology

Huating Li, Jing Zhang, Weiping Jia

Journal Article

Metformin and metabolic diseases: a focus on hepatic aspects

Juan Zheng,Shih-Lung Woo,Xiang Hu,Rachel Botchlett,Lulu Chen,Yuqing Huo,Chaodong Wu

Journal Article

denitrification system with short-term pyridine exposure: Process capability, inhibition kinetics and metabolic

Journal Article

Water-dispersible nano-pollutions reshape microbial metabolism in type-specific manners: A metabolic

Journal Article

The FGF metabolic axis

Xiaokun Li

Journal Article

Regulation of T cell immunity by cellular metabolism

Zhilin Hu, Qiang Zou, Bing Su

Journal Article